★ 第8章 ★
The Indian Wars began in the 1800s.
印第安戰爭始于19世紀。
Thousands of pioneers went to the West. They took the Indians’ land.
數千名拓荒者前往西部，他們奪取了印第安人的土地。
The Indians were angry. They did not want to lose their land.
印第安人很生氣，他們不想失去自己的土地。
The Wars of the Midwest
中西部地區的戰爭
In 1811 the Shawnee Indians of the Indiana Territory attacked the settlers and the U.S.Army.
1811年，印第安納領地的蕭尼族印第安人襲擊了移居者和美國軍隊。
These Indian Wars continued until 1832.
這些印第安戰爭持續到了1832年。
The Black Hawk War was the last Indian war in the Midwest.
黑鷹戰爭是中西部地區最后的印第安戰爭。
The Indians lost this war and their land.
印第安人戰敗了并失去了他們的土地。
The Wars of the Southeast
東南部地區的戰爭
In the 1830s Osceola was the chief of the Seminole Indians of Florida.
19世紀30年代，奧西奧拉是佛羅里達地區塞米諾族印第安人的首領。
He said, “We will fight until the last drop of Seminole blood!”
他說：“我們將要奮斗到塞米諾族流盡最后一滴血。”
The Seminole Indians did not want to leave their land. They fought for many years.
塞米諾族印第安人不想離開他們的土地。他們戰斗了許多年。
In 1837 Chief Osceola was captured. Most of the Seminoles were killed.
1837年，奧西奧拉首領被捕，多數塞米諾族被殺。
The Cherokee Indians were a strong and important tribe.
切羅基印第安人是一個強大，重要的部落。
They had big plantations and farms. The settlers wanted their land.
他們有大的種植園和農場，移居者想要他們的土地。
In 1839 the U.S.Government told the Cherokees to leave their homes.
1839年，美國政府告訴切羅基族離開自己的家園。
They went to an Indian reservation in Oklahoma.
他們去了位于俄克拉荷馬州的印第安保留地。
Many Indians died during the long journey. The journey was called the Trail of Tears.
許多印第安人在長途旅行中死亡。這趟行程叫做淚水小徑。
The Wars of the Great Plains
大平原的戰爭
In the 1850s many pioneers crossed the Great Plains. Many of them settled there.
在19世紀50年代，許多開拓者穿過了大平原。他們中的許多人在這里定居。
The Sioux and Cheyenne Indians fought against these settlers.
蘇族和夏延族印第安人與這些移居者展開斗爭。
The Sioux and Cheyenne Indians were courageous warriors.
蘇族和夏延族印第安人是勇敢的勇士。
The Sioux Chiefs were Crazy Horse, Red Cloud, and Sitting Bull.
蘇族的首領是Crazy Horse，Red Cloud和Sitting Bull。
They told their warriors, “Fight to kill, or you will lose your lands!”
他們對自己的勇士說：“戰斗至死，否則將會失去你們的土地。”
The Sioux and Cheyenne Indians attacked U.S.Army forts and settlers.
蘇族和夏延族印第安人襲擊了美軍的堡壘和移居者。
The fighting was terrible. It continued for many years.
這場爭斗十分激烈，持續了許多年。
The U.S.Government told the Indians to go to an Indian reservation.
美國政府告訴印第安人到印第安保留地去。
Chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull did not want to go.
首領Crazy Horse和Sitting Bull不想離開。
There were a lot of brutal battles. Many people were killed.
這里出現了許多殘忍的戰斗，許多人被殺。
The Apache and Comanche Indians also fought against the U.S.Army and the settlers for many years.
阿帕切族和科曼奇族印第安人也同美軍和移居者戰斗對抗了許多年。
The Apaches were great warriors.
阿帕切族是偉大的勇士。
They loved their land and their freedom. They didn’t want to lose them.
他們熱愛自己的土地和自由，他們不愿意失去這些。
They preferred to fight and die.
他們寧愿戰斗至死。
Geronimo and Cochise were famous Apache chiefs. Their courage was legendary.
Geronimo和Cochise是著名的阿帕切族首領。他們因勇氣而聞名。
Everyone was afraid of Geronimo and Cochise.
所有人都害怕Geronimo和Cochise。
The Indian Wars ended in 1890.
印第安戰爭于1890年結束。
《美國西部探險》是2009年華東師范大學出版社、商務印書館出版的圖書。本書的主要內容是美國西部總是與淘金狂潮、西部牛仔、拓荒大軍聯系在一起。當年印第安人在這里與大自然和諧相處，如今的美國西部仍是一片富足的土地。在激情燃燒的記憶深處，有多少拓荒的激情、豪放的牛仔，又有多少印第安人永失家園的淚水和哀號。
